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Business

The Business subjects provide a comprehensive introduction to the core practice areas of Business Finance (CB1), Business Economics (CB2) and Business Management (CB3) in an international and global context.  Through the core reading and reference texts students have the opportunity to explore a range of business topics within an actuarial context.

Business Finance (CB1)

Core principles

Business Finance (CB1) provides the theory and application of corporate finance as well as the main elements of companies’ financial statements. Candidates will gain knowledge of corporate governance, different types of company structure, management goals and maximising shareholder wealth, traditional and new methods of raising short and long-term finance, use of leverage, growth and profitability, and mergers and acquisitions. In financial statements analysis, regulation and regulatory bodies for financial reporting, the company’s balance sheet, income, and cash flow statements, and elements of management accounting are considered.

Business Finance (CB1) core reading is available from the  or our tuition provider .

CB1 syllabus for 2025 exams (PDF, 140 KB)

CB1 syllabus for 2026 exams (PDF, 800 KB)

Exam format: 3 hours and 20 minutes computer-based exam (Word)

Recommended study hours: 150

Resources for CB1

Past papers and examiners reports for CB1

Business Economics (CB2)

Core principles

Business Economics (CB2) introduces the main principles of economics and their application in a business context. In micro economics it covers the operation of single markets, market price and output determination, decisions made by consumers on allocating their budget and by producers on price and output, and different types of market structures and the implication of each for social welfare. In macroeconomics candidates will gain knowledge of the working of the economic system, governments’ macroeconomic objectives, unemployment, inflation, economic growth, international trade and financial systems and financial crises.

Business Economics (CB2) core reading is available from the or our tuition provider .

CB2 syllabus for 2025 exams (PDF, 110 KB)

CB2 syllabus for 2026 exams (PDF, 900 KB)

Exam format: 3 hours and 20 minutes computer-based exam (Word)

Recommended study hours: 150

Resources for CB2

Past papers and examiners reports for CB2

Business Management (CB3)

Core principles

The CB3 Business Management assessment is designed to help enhance your knowledge of key business practice to support you in navigating the environment in which you work. As your professional responsibilities grow you will become better equipped to tackle business related challenges. 

The programme has a practical focus, which includes participation in the Business Game simulation over six weeks, and then completion of an assignment within a two week period. Individuals are encouraged to have some work experience before registering for CB3.

Learning materials

Learning materials will include key areas including:

  • Business environment in the financial services industry
  • Strategic thinking
  • Business decision making
  • Legal principles 
  • Professionalism and ethics

Learning objectives

  • Specify, describe or discuss a range of topics relevant to working as an actuary in the financial services industry. 
  • Develop an approach to strategic thinking. 
  • Develop an approach to business decision making.
  • Describe and understand the basic legal principles that are relevant to the work of an actuary and their practical implications. 
  • Describe or specify important aspects of professionalism and ethics. 

Assessment timeline

Timeline of the overall assessment:

  • Two weeks before start date: Assessment information available in the VLE.
  • Week 1 (start): Business Game access code available in VLE.
  • Week 1 to 6: Individually play the Business Game.
  • Week 7 to 8: Write your assignment (Business Report and Reflection).
  • Week 8 (end): Submit your assignment and summary of your Business Game.
  • Week 12: Results available in VLE.
  • Week 14: Resubmission (for those who fail the assignment). 

CB3 Business Management covers key areas including:

  • Industry developments and challenges in all practice areas
  • Strategic thinking
  • The importance of lifelong personal development and learning

The assessment covers the legal principles that are relevant to actuarial work by building on the themes introduced in the Stage 1 Professionalism Course.

It is invaluable that you gain business and workplace experience to support you in achieving CB3 Business Management. Therefore we recommend you complete CB3 within 18 months of joining the IFoA.

For information please refer to the syllabus below. Subject guide coming soon.

Recommended study hours: 150

CB3 syllabus for the 2026 exams (PDF, 800 KB)

CB3 review and updates 

Launch of the revised assessment material and candidate experience for July 2025

We are delighted to announce that the new improved CB3 Business Management assessment is now available. We are running a pilot assessment starting in July 2025 to make sure anyone who has been waiting to book on, and only has CB3 to qualify as an Associate, has the opportunity to sit immediately. 

The CB3 Business Management assessment has been under review over the last 12 months to ensure we are delivering relevant, and engaging content. Improvements to the delivery of the assessment have also been incorporated to enhance the overall candidate experience.  

We have partnered with new suppliers to ensure the assessment material is current and reflective of the business challenges relevant to the actuarial working environment.  

Going forward the CB3 Business Management assessment will be available to book from 1 July 2025 for dates starting from October 2025. CB3 dates will be available for booking 10 months of the year, excluding April and September, with up to 250 places available on each assessment.